Zviri Mukati
Midziyo yemugodhi wepasi pevhu yakakosha pakucherwa kwakachengeteka, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kuita zvibereko kwezvicherwa nezvicherwa kubva pasi pePasi. Michina iyi yakagadzirwa kuti ikwanise kumira nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara enzvimbo dzemigodhi yepasi pevhu uku ichiona kuchengetedzwa kwakakwana uye kushanda. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama mhando dzemidziyo yemugodhi wepasi pevhu, basa radzo mukugadzirisa zvicherwa, uye kuti ramangwana rakamira sei kuindasitiri iyi yakakosha.
I. Mhando dzeUnderground Mining Equipment
1. Drilling Machines
Michina yekuchera ndiyo nhanho yekutanga mumabasa ekuchera pasi pevhu, ane basa rekugadzira makomba anodiwa pakuputitsa kana kuisa zvivakwa zvinotsigira. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemichina yekuchera zvichienderana nehukuru uye chiyero chekushanda.
- Hydraulic Jumbo Drills ndiwo mahombe ebasa ekuchera mahombe, anokwanisa kuchera makomba akawanda panguva imwe chete nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye nekumhanya. Michina iyi inowanzo shandiswa mukuita tunneling uko nzvimbo yakakura inoda kufukidzwa nekukurumidza.
-Face Drilling Rigs ndiyo imwe mhando yakajairika, inoshandiswa zvakananga kudhiraivha muziso redombo panzvimbo yemugodhi. Anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira maburi ekuputika, izvo zvinobvumira vashandi vemigodhi kuputsa zvikamu zvakakura zvedombo kuti zvive nyore kuchera.
Michina yekuchera yakagadzirirwa kuve inoshanda zvakanyanya uye yakananga, kuderedza kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakaraswa uye kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekuita kwemigodhi. Kuunzwa kwemaotomatiki ekuchera masisitimu kunowedzera budiriro kuburikidza nekubvumira michina kushanda nguva dzose nekupindira kudiki kwevanhu.
2. Vanorodha
Marodhi akakosha pakufambisa dombo nematombo akatsemuka kubva pachiso chemugodhi kuenda kumarori kana mabhandi ekutakurisa kubva mumugodhi. Michina iyi inouya muhukuru hwakasiyana uye zvigadziriso zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvekushanda kwemigodhi.
-Scoop Loaders idiki uye inofambiswa, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumigodhi yakamanikana uko nzvimbo ishoma. Dhizaini yavo yecompact inovabvumira kufamba munzvimbo dzakasimba vachiri kukwanisa kufambisa zvakakura zvezvinhu.
-Front-End Loaders yakakura uye ine simba rakawanda, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumabasa makuru emigodhi yepasi pevhu. Aya maloader anokwanisa kubata mitoro yakakura uye akashongedzerwa neinjini dzine simba uye hydraulic masisitimu kuti awedzere kushanda zvakanaka.
-LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) Machina ndiwo angangoita akajairika mhando yekurodha inoshandiswa mumigodhi yepasi pevhu. Michina iyi inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirirwa kurodha, kukweva, uye kurasa zvinhu mukushanda kumwe chete, zvichiita kuti zvinyatsoshanda mumigodhi yepasi pevhu.
Vanorodha vanoita basa rakakosha mukudzikisira nguva uye kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kwemigodhi. Iko kukwanisa kukurumidza uye nekubudirira kufambisa zvinhu zvakakosha kuchengetedza nzira yekuchera migodhi inofamba zvakanaka.
3. Haulage Equipment
Midziyo yehaulage yakagadzirirwa kutakura zvinhu zvakacherwa kubva pachiso chemugodhi kuenda pamusoro kana pachirimwa chekugadzira. Midziyo iyi inofanirwa kugara yakasimba uye ine simba kuti igadzirise nzvimbo yakaoma uye mamiriro akaoma ekuchera pasi pevhu.
-Marori epasi pevhu ndiwo musimboti wekutakurwa kwemigodhi yepasi pevhu. Marori aya akagadzirwa kuti atakure mitoro inorema nenzendo refu kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakaipa, dzisina kuenzana. Kuvakwa kwavo kwakaoma uye injini dzine simba dzinovabvumira kushanda munzvimbo dzakaoma dzine nguva shoma.
-Mota dzeChitima imwe nzira yekutakura inoshandiswa mune mamwe mabasa emugodhi wepasi pevhu. Mota idzi dzinomhanya panjanji yakamira uye dzakanakira kutakura zvinhu zvakakura munzendo refu.
- Conveyor Systems inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe midziyo yekutakurisa kuti irambe ichifambisa zvinhu kubva kune imwe chikamu chemugodhi ichienda kune imwe. Aya masisitimu anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anogona kubata mavhoriyamu makuru emidziyo nekushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa.
Articulated Dump Trucks, kunyanya, inopa yakanakisa maneuverability munzvimbo dzakasimba dzepasi pevhu nekuda kwedhizaini yavo inoshanduka. Marori aya anogona kutakura mitoro inorema paanenge achifamba akachinjika uye pasi zvisina kuenzana, zvichiita kuti akoshese mumabasa ekuchera pasi pevhu.
4. Crushers uye Mills
Zvigayo nezvigayo zvinoshandiswa kuderedza ukuru hwechicherwa kusvika pachiyero chinogoneka kuti chifambiswe mberi. Iri idanho rakakosha mukucherwa kwezvicherwa sezvo richibvumira kupatsanurwa kwakanaka kwemaminerari akakosha kubva padombo rakatenderedza.
-Jaw Crushers anowanzo shandiswa pakupwanya kwekutanga, kuputsa zvidimbu zvihombe zvedombo kuita madiki, saizi inogoneka.
- Cone Crushers inoshandiswa kune yechipiri uye yepamusoro kupwanya, kuderedza saizi yezvinhu zvakatowedzera kuigadzirira kukuya kana kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa.
- Ball Mills inoshandiswa kukuya ore muhupfu hwakatsetseka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutorwa kwemaminerari anokosha. Zvigayo izvi zvinonyanya kushanda pakudzikisa simbi kusvika pahukuru hwakakodzera kuti huenderere mberi nekugadziridzwa nekukwenenzverwa.
Zvemhando yepamusoro macrusher uye zvigayo zvakakosha pakuwedzera kudzoreredza zviwanikwa uye kuona kuti zvinhu zvakakosha zvakanyanya sezvinobvira zvinobviswa kubva mucherwa.
5. Ventilation Equipment
Ventilation systems dzakakosha mukushanda kwemigodhi yepasi pevhu, apo mweya mutsva unodiwa kuchengetedza mamiriro ekushanda akachengeteka uye kubvisa magasi anokuvadza neguruva.
-Axial Fans mafeni mahombe anoshandiswa kusundira mweya mutsva mumugodhi uye kuburitsa mweya wakare. Aya mafeni anowanzo kudzoserwa kumashure, zvichibvumira kuti kutungamira kwemhepo kushandurwa sezvinodiwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda.
- Ducting Systems inoshandiswa kutungamira kuyerera kwemhepo kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemugodhi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti mweya mutsva unosvika munzvimbo dzese dzine vashandi.
- Mafirita eMhepo anoiswa mumhepo inofefetera kuti abvise huruva nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza kubva mumhepo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vemumigodhi vari kufema mweya wakachena, wakachengeteka.
Ventilation midziyo yakakosha kwete chete kuchengetedzwa kwevashandi asiwo nekushanda kwakanaka kwese migodhi. Kufefetera zvakanaka kunogona kudzivirira tsaona uye kuderedza njodzi dzeutano dzine chokuita nemigodhi yepasi pevhu.
6. Zvishandiso zvekutsigira
Midziyo yekutsigira inoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwechimiro uye kuchengetedzeka kwenzira dzepasi pevhu uye kumeso kwemigodhi.
- Roof Bolters michina yakagadzirirwa kuisa mabhaudhi padenga nemumadziro emugodhi kudzivirira kudonha. Michina iyi ine hunyanzvi uye inogona kukurumidza uye nemazvo kuisa mabhaudhi ekutsigira, kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwese kwekushanda kwemigodhi.
- Rock Bolts inoshandiswa kusimbisa dombo guru, kubatsira kudzivirira kuparara nekuvandudza kugadzikana kwematanho.
- Mesh yakaiswa pamadziro uye padenga remugodhi kudzivirira matombo asina kusimba kubva pakudonha, zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda kwemigodhi.
Midziyo yekutsigira chinhu chakakosha chemigodhi yepasi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti tunnel uye chiso chemigodhi zvinoramba zvakagadzikana uye zvakachengeteka kuvashandi.
II. Kukosha kwe Underground Mining Equipment
1. Kudzivirirwa
Kuchera pasi pevhu kune ngozi, asi kushandiswa kwemigodhi yemazuva ano kwakaderedza zvakanyanya njodzi. Zvishandiso zvakaita semashini ekufambisa mhepo, mabhaudhi edenga, uye masisitimu ekutsigira zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vashandi kubva mumapako-mukati, kubuda kwegasi, uye dzimwe njodzi. Semuyenzaniso, makeji ekuchengetedza pazvikwiriso uye masisitimu ekufema anovimbika anovimbisa kuti vashandi vemumigodhi vanochengetedzwa kubva kumarara anodonha nemagasi anokuvadza.
2. Kubudirira
Kushanda kwemigodhi yepasi pevhu kunogona kuita kana kuputsa basa rekuchera. Yepamberi yekurodha, macrusher, uye masisitimu ekutakurisa anogona kubata zvimwe zvinhu munguva shoma, kuderedza nguva yekutenderera uye kuwedzera kubereka. Automated systems, kunyanya, inobvumira kuenderera mberi kwekushanda, kuderedza nguva uye kuwedzera kushanda kwese.
3. Resource Recovery
Midziyo yemhando yepamusoro yemigodhi inobatsira kukwidziridza kudzoreredza zviwanikwa nekuona kuti zvicherwa zvakakosha zvakapatsanurwa kubva kumarara. Zvimedu zvemazuva ano uye zvigayo zvinogona kuderedza ore kusvika pagiredhi rakanaka, zvichiwedzera mwero wekutorwa kwemaminerari akakosha. Nekuvandudza kunaka kwechigadzirwa chakacherwa, makambani emigodhi anogona kuwedzera pundutso uye kuderedza marara.
4. Environmental Impact
Mhando dzakawanda dzemigodhi yepasi pevhu dzakagadzirwa zvichifunga nezvezvakatipoteredza. Dust kudzvanya masisitimu pamacrusher uye anotakura anoderedza huwandu hweguruva hunoburitswa munzvimbo, uye michina inoshanda nesimba inobatsira kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka yemabasa emigodhi. Mimwe michina yakatogadzirwa kuti ishande ichishandisa simba remagetsi, kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta efosi.
III. Key Vagadziri uye Brands
1. Sandvik
Mutungamiriri wepasirese mumidziyo yemugodhi, Sandvik inopa huwandu hwakakwana hwemichina yepasi pevhu, kusanganisira masisitimu ekuchera epamberi, anorodha, uye marori. Inozivikanwa nekuvimbika uye kusimba, zvishandiso zvavo zvakagadzirirwa kuita mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zvichipa mhedzisiro yakanaka.
2. Caterpillar
Midziyo yeCaterpillar yakawanda yekuchera pasi pevhu inosanganisira zvinotakura, marori, uye magiredhi. Michina yavo inozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo kwemafuta, nyore kugadzirisa, uye kuvaka kwakasimba. Caterpillar loaders, semuenzaniso, inopa injini dzine simba uye hukuru hwemabhakiti, kuve nechokwadi chekubata zvinhu zvakakwana munzvimbo dzinodiwa dzepasi pevhu.
3. Komatsu
Komatsu inopa michina mitsva yemigodhi yepasi pevhu ine matekinoroji epamusoro ane chinangwa chekudzikisa kushandiswa kwemafuta uye mutengo wekushandisa. Masisitimu avo ehungwaru ekuchera anochinjika kumamiriro ematombo, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza kupfeka pamidziyo.
4. Atlas Copco
Atlas Copco mumwe mutungamiri weindasitiri, achipa huwandu hwakasiyana hwesimba-rinoshanda mumigodhi michina yakadai semacompressor uye masystem emhepo. Kutarisa kwavo pakuchengetedza uye kushanda-kusingadhuri kunoita kuti vave sarudzo yakakurumbira kumakambani emigodhi anotarisa kuderedza kukanganiswa kwavo kwezvakatipoteredza.
IV. Ramangwana Trends mu Underground Mining Equipment
1. Automation uye Robotics
Automation iri kukurumidza kuchinja mamiriro ekuchera pasi pevhu. Otomatiki madhiri ekuchera, anotakura, uye marori ekutakurisa atove kushandiswa, kuwedzera chengetedzo uye kugona kushanda nekudzikisa kudiwa kwebasa revanhu munzvimbo dzine njodzi. Marobhoti anozowedzera budiriro nekutora mabasa akadai sekugadzirisa, kuongorora, uye kugadzirisa.
2. Digitalization uye Kubatana
Iko kubatanidzwa kwehunyanzvi hwedhijitari seIoT, masensa, uye data analytics kuri kubvumira makambani emigodhi kutarisa mashandiro emidziyo uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza munguva chaiyo. Kubatana uku kunogonesa kuita sarudzo kuri nani, kuderedza nguva uye optimize mashandisiro ezviwanikwa.
3. Kugadzikana
Sezvo indasitiri yakatarisana nekukura kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza, kudiwa kwemidziyo yakagadzikana yepasi pemigodhi kuri kuramba kuchikwira. Mota dzemagetsi nemahybrid dziri kuita mukurumbira, dzichipa kuderedzwa kwehutsi uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Pamusoro pezvo, masisitimu ekudzvinyirira guruva uye matekinoroji ekudzikisa tsvina ari kubatsira kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabasa emigodhi.
Related Links
CNR Underground Mining Equipment
